Essay on The Crucible by Arthur Miller - 1108 Words

The Crucible The Crucible, takes place in the small Puritan village called Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The witchcraft trials grew out of the moral system of the Puritans. This split the town into two, those who were considered witches and those who wanted good. The play begins at Reverend Parris home, whose daughter Betty is ill. Parris is living with his daughter and his seventeen-year old niece Abigail. Parris believes that is daughters illness is from supernatural causes, so he sends for Reverend Hale. Betty first start to look ill after her father discovered her dancing in the woods with Abigail and his Negro slave, Tituba along with several other local girls. There are rumors going around that Bettys sickness is due to†¦show more content†¦Hes a scholarly man who looks for signs of the supernatural. Parris tells him about the dancing and Hale questions Abigail asking her if she sold her soul to Lucifer. So Abigail blames Tituba, saying that she forced Abigail and Betty drink blood and that she sent her spirit out. Finally, Putnam says that Tituba must be hanged! When Tituba realized that the only way to save herself is to admit to the charge, she says that the devil came to her and promised to send her back to Barbados. The second act is about week later. John comes home late after a long day planting in the fields, and Elizabeth thinks that he went to the village. Elizabeth tells John that she must tell the constable that Abigail claims that Bettys sickness has nothing to do with witchcraft, but Proctor says that nobody will believe him because he was alone with Abigail at the time and Elizabeth is disturbed by this. Mary tells them that thirty-nine people have been arrested and Sarah Osburn will hang, but not Sarah Good because she confessed. John comes in and is weary. He tells the Proctors that Elizabeths name was brought up and that Rebecca Nurse was charged. Proctor tells Hale what Abigail said about being discovering her in the woods by Parris, but Hale says that its nonsense. Proctor says that these people would certainly confess, if denying it means that they be hanged. Then Hale asks Proctor if he believes in witches. He says that he does but none of them areShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employee s, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

Ethics And The Ethical Issue Essay - 878 Words

FACTS Luke is part of a project that involves developing land recently bought by ABC company to build an adult entertainment retail store. Luke’s brother, Owen lives in the same neighborhood that this land is located. When the plans for the store become public the value of homes in Owen’s neighborhood is expected to decline. Luke knows his brother is thinking about selling his house. Owen has mentioned that, he has thought about even putting his home on the market for sale. ISSUE – application of Ethical The ethical issue is a conflict that Luke faces is that between disclosing confidential information about the company to his brother, or being 100% honest and/or remaining loyal to a member his family. ANALYSIS Virtue Ethics Luke could use the principals of virtue ethics to determine if he should inform his brother Owen of the Company ABC’s development project. Virtue ethics is a term of art, initially introduced to distinguish an approach in normative ethics, which emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in commitment to an approach that emphasizes duties or rules. Virtue ethics dates back to the times of Plato and Aristotle built upon the idea of flourishing a life of patience, courage, temperance, justice, and virtue. Aristotle believed that virtue is a skill to be developed in three types of people: 1. Those who live for pleasure Happiness Seekers 2. Those who live for honor: Honor Seekers 3. Those who live for contemplation: Contemplation Seekers It isShow MoreRelatedEthical Ethics And Ethical Issues1180 Words   |  5 PagesEthical issues in organizations are inevitable and are always on the horizon. These ethical concerns can directly impact the overall health of an organization in both positive and negative aspects. In order to be prepared for the ethical issues that will arise and to create an organizational competitive advantage, an intentional focus and effective communication of the code of ethics must be incorporated as a part of strategic planning. Sherwin (1983) indicates the that the term ethics, â€Å"refers toRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Issues1311 Words   |  6 Pagesprovides readers with an in-depth analysis of ethical theories, legal and ethical issues which gives them an opportunity to practice real life ethical issues that are frequently complex and thought provoking. Readers are further implored to examine their personal, moral and ethical value systems and codes they work from in an attempt to a ssist them in developing an informed ethical conscience for making sound moral and ethical judgments. The author presents ethical dilemmas throughout the book which readersRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Ethics925 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics plays a part in almost every aspect of one’s life. Ethics is defined as: â€Å"the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group or culture† The school you attend, your favorite restaurant, and your favorite sports team all have a code of ethics to follow. Those organizations as well as many other things including any group, especially a group for counseling, has a code of ethics. They also have ethical issues within each program. In counselingRead MoreThe Ethics Of An Ethical Issue1037 Words   |  5 PagesAn ethical issue is where an individual or a party have to undertake a moral judgement in which his or her morale values are being challenged (Hannafey, 2009). Is it right that Chris Knox befriended the CFO of Armadillo Gas and Power with only one reason on his mind? For him to try to land his account at this company (SFS). To mention that he was â€Å"not that familiar with Armadillo Gas, but maybe donâ €™t need the high-level services [SFS] offer. Maybe [SFS is] is more expensive than what [Armadillo GasRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Ethical Issues1603 Words   |  7 Pages When we look at the ethical issues, we can stream them into two categories that are the funder’s perspective and Livestrong’s perspective. The funders are in a dilemma whether they shouldcontinue funding and supporting the organization which in way has become so popular because of Lance Armstrong. Also, the other major point of discussion is whether it isethical for the funders to ask for their money to be returned considering the fact that the scandal took place in Lance Armstrong’s personal lifeRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues843 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness ethics is very important. Business ethics examines the moral and ethical issues that arise in a business enviroment. Ethical communication on the other hand allows the business to be honest with the customer. A business should not withhold information in order to sell a product. A great article that discusses ethical communication is About Ethical Communication in Business by Scott T hompson. This article discusses the advantages of ethics, honest communication, code of ethics, aspectsRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1737 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Business ethics often encompasses many concerns such social responsibility, sustainability, labour practices and environmental development. Business ethics as a concept fundamentally applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the behavior of individuals and entire organizations. Desjardins (2011) suggests that business ethics is the study of business from an ethical viewpointRead MoreBusiness Ethics And The Ethical Issues1461 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics and the ethical issues in marketing Moral principles that guide the way a business behaves are known as business ethics. However this term has a broader definition. As the word ethics can pose many definitions in a broad context and it can be challenging to find a common understanding of the term, hence, most companies denote the concept of the term ethics as responsible business conduct, business practices or integrity. Business ethics offers a tool for conducting business more effectivelyRead MoreEthical Issues Of Business Ethics1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe word ‘Ethics’ is derived from the Greek word ‘ethos’ (character) and Latin word ‘moras’ (customs) (Senaratne, 2011). Ethics is usually based around a decision one makes to help us identify what is good and what is bad as well as guiding us on doing well and avoiding the bad. What’s more, ethics are like a code of conduct asserting moral guidelines, prevailing good behaviour. It’s also about relationships and how we treat others. There are many underlying ethical issues arising for instance,Read MoreEthical Issues Of Marketing Ethics1924 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction According to Thomas Donaldson and Patricia Werhane, â€Å"Ethics can be defined as the study of whatever is right and good for humans.† Ethics are defined as rules of behavior, code of conduct, ability to distinguish between the good and the bad. In general, ethical marketing is a process through which an organization or a company sells its products and services by using the fair means of ethical principles there by creating a strong customer relationship resulting in an increased value of

Development of Decision Table To Compact Cybercrime For Police

Question: To research and review current literature on web security To research and review current literature on web server technologies To review and analyze current literature on dark Web Developing a decision support table Reviewing and finalizing the decision support table Answer: Artefact (proposed) to be developed (in brief) The artefact to be developed is the decision table which consist of possible actions in the leftmost column with possible impacts of these actions in the top row of the table. The table will be prepared using the freeware technologies. The artefact will be tested using open standards. The performance testing will be done to achieve all possible scenarios of flaws or impacts of techniques used by hackers and also provide instant information of about attack. PROJECT PROPOSAL (Main Section of the Report) Introduction The project is about developing a decision support table so as to ease the work of the police in finding criminals on the deep dark web. Deep Dark Web. The Dark Web refers to a collection of websites which are not publicly visible. They generally hide their IP addresses of servers by the people who run them. They can be visited by web users but are generally very difficult to find out who is behind such websites. Also, most of the websites today are found by search engines. However, the websites in the Dark Web cannot merely be found out by using search engines and simultaneously cannot be indexed by search engines. They hide their identities using tools such as the Tor Encryption tool. Not all of the dark web is engaged in illegal activities however, the Dark Web is the place where many illegal activities take place. Many large cyber attacks recently have their linkages to the Dark Web. As a result it is imperative that the investigation team should consider the Dark Web as one of t he de facto areas to look for these cybcer criminals. The essence of this project is to develop a decision support table which can assist the investigating officers about their investigation process in the Deep Dark Web. The table would become as a reference point for all such future investigations whenever the Dark Web is to be suspected. The table hence holds a place of great importance and must be developed carefully as the Dark Web is a dangerous place and needs a defined set of protocols so as to ensure the investigation goes on smoothly. The intended process to develop the decision table is to research and review the literature firstly on the security architecture of web servers and other web technologies. Apart from this, further research and reviews will be done on recent security incidents and the primary loopholes which were responsible for the mishap. At the same time, research will be done on how the dark web operates and any other relevant literature that helps shed some light on the dark web. Finally, literature review and analysis shall be done on the investigation techniques and digital forensics in order to figure out how to frame the decision support table. Initial Research into sources of information Moscove, S., Simkin, M., Bagranoff, N. and Moscove, S. (1997). Core concepts of accounting information systems. New York: John Wiley. This resource provides a good overview of decision tables and decision tree. The book has been written by authors who possess experience in cybercrime and accounting systems also. They had defined the key areas where decision tables can be proved to be useful. They explain the concepts of decision tables with the help of examples. YORKU, E. (2014). Decision Table-Based Testing. [online] EECS.YORKU.CA. Available at: https://www.eecs.yorku.ca/course_archive/2008-09/W/4313/slides/06-DecisionTableBasedTesting.pdf [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. This resource goes one step ahead of the earlier resource. It provides additional information on the terminology along with decisions rules which can be applied to a given scenario. Cruz-Cunha, M. and Portela, I. (2011). Handbook of research on digital crime, cyberspace security, and information assurance. This resource provides an overview on the digital crime and cyberspace. The book provides basic knowledge of the concepts of cybercrime. It specifically takes the example of android where it explains the development and mitigation of android malware. Artefact (proposed) The final artefact will be a decision support table which is essentially complete and covers all types of elements that could provide a methodological approach towards investigation of Dark Web. It would essentially be a highly concentrated version of a textbook detailing investigation techniques for modern cyber crimes. It would help investigators with the action that is to be taken in order to achieve a desired result. The document will be clearly designed document. It would be presented in a simple and easier to understand language. Any issues and redundancies would be eliminated in the final version after evaluating the document with a group of investigators. The final document would be such that it is easier to understand follow for even a non-technological savvy person. To further simplify the document, a glossary list would be included which would have a detailed explanation of any technical terminologies used in the document. The final document thus produce would be a set of protocols that is to be followed whenever a cyber crime is to be investigated on the Dark Web. Thus this document would be the one of the first documents to be referred before any investigation is to be carried. Plan/Schedule (note. dates may vary) WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors 1 Artefact - Decision table development 212.5 days Thu 10-03-16 Mon 02-01-17 1.1 Analysis 40 days Thu 10-03-16 Wed 04-05-16 1.1.1 Analysis of cybercrimes 4 wks Thu 10-03-16 Wed 06-04-16 1.1.2 Analysis of cyber cases 4 wks Thu 07-04-16 Wed 04-05-16 3 1.1.3 Analysis of decision tables 2 wks Thu 07-04-16 Wed 20-04-16 3 1.1.4 Analysis of decision rules 2 wks Thu 07-04-16 Wed 20-04-16 3 1.2 Design 55 days Thu 05-05-16 Wed 20-07-16 1.2.1 Shortlist cyber crime scenarios 3 wks Thu 05-05-16 Wed 25-05-16 4,5,6 1.2.2 Frame decision rules for selected scenarios 4 wks Thu 26-05-16 Wed 22-06-16 8 1.2.3 Create decision table 4 wks Thu 23-06-16 Wed 20-07-16 9 1.3 Implementation 65 days Thu 21-07-16 Wed 19-10-16 1.3.1 Analyse freeware Php 3 wks Thu 21-07-16 Wed 10-08-16 10 1.3.2 Analyse freeware database 3 wks Thu 21-07-16 Wed 10-08-16 10 1.3.3 Select IDE 2 wks Thu 11-08-16 Wed 24-08-16 12,13 1.3.4 Develop decision table 8 wks Thu 25-08-16 Wed 19-10-16 14 1.4 Testing 40 days Thu 20-10-16 Wed 14-12-16 1.4.1 Unit testing 2 wks Thu 20-10-16 Wed 02-11-16 15 1.4.2 System testing 2 wks Thu 03-11-16 Wed 16-11-16 17 1.4.3 Performance testing 4 wks Thu 17-11-16 Wed 14-12-16 18 1.5 Install in all police stations 2.5 wks Thu 15-12-16 Mon 02-01-17 19 Following are milestones of the project: Creation of decision table. Development of decision table through coding. Performance testing of code Installation of code in all police stations. References and Bibliography Balduzzi, M. and Ciancaglini, V. (2016).Cybercrime In The Deep Web. [online] gsec.hitb.org. Available at: https://gsec.hitb.org/materials/sg2015/D2%20-%20Marco%20Balduzzi%20and%20Vincenzo%20Ciancaglini%20-%20Cybercrime%20in%20the%20Deep%20Web.pdf [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Chertof, M. and Simon, T. (2015).The Impact of the Dark Web on Internet Governance and Cyber Security. [online] Cigionline. Available at: https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/gcig_paper_no6.pdf [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Ciancaglini, V. and Balduzzi, M. (2013).Deepweb and Cybercrime. [online] Trendmicro. Available at: https://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-deepweb-and-cybercrime.pdf [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Cruz-Cunha, M. and Portela, I. (2011).Handbook of research on digital crime, cyberspace security, and information assurance. Jeffray, C. (2016).Underground web The cybercrime challenge. [online] ASPI. Available at: https://www.aspi.org.au/publications/underground-web-the-cybercrime-challenge/SR77_Underground_web_cybercrime.pdf [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Moscove, S., Simkin, M., Bagranoff, N. and Moscove, S. (1997).Core concepts of accounting information systems. New York: John Wiley. YORKU, E. (2014).Decision Table-Based Testing. [online] EECS.YORKU.CA. Available at: https://www.eecs.yorku.ca/course_archive/2008-09/W/4313/slides/06-DecisionTableBasedTesting.pdf [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016].

Project Management for Small to Medium Enterprises

Work breakdown structure, critical path and costed time strategy The chart below illustrates the project’s work breakdown structure. This goal has been achieved by identifying the task, the duration, and the resource requirement in order to execute the task effectively and within the set time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management for Small to Medium Enterprises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chart 1: WBS Task name Duration [days] Start time Finish time Resource Analysing the green fashion market in Australia 12 4thOct. 2013 1 5thOct.2013 Marketing manager Selection of store location 12 4thOct. 2013 1 5thOct. 2013 Entrepreneur Developing the project business plan 15 4thOct. 2013 19thOct. 2013 Entrepreneur Compliance with legal and environmental 3 17thOct. 2013 19thOct. 2013 Entrepreneur Seeking sponsorship from charity organisations 18 4thOct. 2013 19thOct. 2013 Entrepreneur F urnishing and decorating the store 15 17thOct. 2013 31stOct. 2013 Project team Attracting consigner 12 20thOct. 2013 15thNov. 2013 Entrepreneur Finalising the shops self-owned system 26 15thNov. 2013 26thNov. 2013 Project team Implementing the green fashion concept will play a critical role in minimising the rate of environmental pollution. In a bid to establish the Green Fashion Store, effective time management is essential. Approximately, the store will take 70 days to be completed. It is projected that this duration is sufficient to complete the project. However, taking 70 days will lead to increase in the resource requirements, which are scarce. Thus, effective time scheduling is paramount. The project manager will reduce the project duration with 20%, which means that the project will take 56 days to be implemented. Crashing strategy will be used in order to arrive at the critical path as illustrated by chart 2 below. By crashing the time, the Green Fashion Store will be completed within 56 days and the likelihood of the entrepreneur conforming to the time constraint will increase. The areas shaded in black illustrate the critical path that will result in optimal resource utilisation. Chart 2: the critical path Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Project Manager estimates that the project will require $19,200 in order to be successfully implemented. Budget and resource allocation In establishing the new business, the entrepreneur is focused towards ensuring that resources are effectively utilised. In this project, the resource that the Project Manager is mostly focused on relates to time. The green fashion project is time constrained. The Project Manager intends to complete the green fashion project in 56 days. Thus, the entrepreneur will ensure that time is effectively utilised. Levelling resource allocation technique will be used. This w ill aid in effective utilisation of slack time by delaying non-critical activities. Moreover, the levelling technique will aid in reduction resource demand, peak resource demand in addition to minimising the amount of resource fluctuation. Some activities will be undertaken concurrently in order to eliminate slack time. Chart 3: Estimated budget before crashing the amount of time by 20% Work package 1stOct.- 15thOct 17thOct-19thOct. 20thOct.-31stOct. 1stNov. -15thNov. 16thNov- 26thNov. Total by activity Market research $2,000 $2,000 Developing the store’s blue print. $500 $200 $700 legal and environmental analysis $1,000 $1,000 Seeking sponsorship $600 $400 $1,000 Furnishing the store $8,000 $4,000 $12,000 Attracting consigner 1,000 1,000 Finalising the self-owned store system 1,500 1,500 Cumulative 19,200 However, reducing the amount of time required to complete the project with 20% is expected to increase the amount of fin ancial capital required. Thus, it is estimated that the project budget will increase by 20%. Thus, the green fashion project will require $ 23,040 in order to be completed. Quality management and control A number of elements quality management elements as illustrated the chart below will be taken into account in the green fashion store. The project will be implemented as a one-off expense hence eliminating the need to revisit the project upon its completion. The chart below illustrates the variables that will be taken into account in ensuring effective quality management. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management for Small to Medium Enterprises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 1: quality control A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis will be undertaken in order to maintain the project within the desired quality. This will be achieved by controlling the prevention cost, external and internal failu re, control, and appraisal cost. This will improve the quality of the project. The Project Manager will ensure that the green fashion store addresses the customer’s needs adequately. To achieve this, a substantial amount of appraisal cost will be incurred. The appraisal cost will entail product audits, product inspections, and reviews. Some of the elements that will be integrated in assessing the appraisal cost include evaluating whether the process of implementing the store takes into account the desired conditions. For example, an appealing store ambience will be ensured in order to develop unique customer experience. Moreover, the Project Manager will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the green fashion products collected from the sponsors to ensure that they are aligned with the specified environmental requirements. One of the ways through which quality of the products collected will be ensured is by conducting an intensive training on the parties charged with the resp onsibility of collecting the second hand products. Moreover, the appraisal cost will also entail assessing whether the green fashion store is effectively designed. The Green Fashion Store entrepreneur is cognisant of the fact that the project may be affected by to lack of sufficient support from the sponsors. For example, customers might not adopt the concept of green fashion as expected. A comprehensive project quality plan will be developed to minimise the adverse effects of quality costs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The quality plan will outline the standards that the project manager will be required to adhere to in order to satisfactorily fulfil the quality requirement. Regular meetings involving all the team members will be conducted to generate ideas on how to deal with contingencies that arise in the process of implementing the project. The above quality control chart will be used. Project team performance The entrepreneur is aware that the Green Fashion Store will depend on the input of all the team members. Consequently, it is imperative for the project manager to ensure that effective team performance is attained. Optimal team performance can be achieved by incorporating the principles of team management such as organising, leading, controlling, and planning. In a bid to attain optimal team performance, the project manager will take into account a number of issues as illustrated in the table below. Chart 4; project team performance Approach Strategy Significance to team performance Leadership Transformational leadership style will be adopted The style will provide team members an opportunity to share ideas on how to improve the project. -Transformational leadership will lead to development of a sense of inclusion amongst the team members. Communication Horizontal, vertical, upward, lateral diagonal and downward channels of communication will be adopted. Formulating an effective feedback mechanism Communication will ensure that the team members are adequately informed about the project and their roles. Establishment of an effective working relationship Optimal conflict resolution The feedback mechanism will lead to development of optimal understanding of the project. Decision making Inclusive team meetings Team meetings will give the manager insight on the team members’ perception and attitude regarding the project. Including employees in the decision, making process will provide the manager insight on how to minimise employee resistance. Including t he team members will lead to development of a sense of project ownership amongst team members. Developing a strong project team Effective selection of project team members and integration of volunteer part-time team members Effective volunteer management Formulation of an optimal volunteer training programme The manager is cognisant of the fact that unforeseen forces may affect completion of the project. For example, multitasking amongst the project team members may limit their effectiveness. In a bid to deal with this challenge, the Project Manager is focused towards attracting volunteer part-time team members. This goal will be achieved by designing an effective volunteering programme. Currently, individuals are embracing the concept of volunteering in different organisations in an effort to develop a wide range of knowledge and skills. Sufficient awareness on the contribution of the green fashion project to environmental conservation will be undertaken. The training wil l be aimed at ensuring that the volunteers are acquainted with the project objectives and goals. The Project Manager will educate the volunteers the contribution of the Green Fashion Store in minimising climate change. Reward management Comprehensive and continuous appraisal of the team members’ performance Recognising project team members with optimal performance The appraisal will aid in the determination of the team members effectiveness in executing the duties assigned Reward management will lead to increased level of motivation towards achievement of the set project milestones. By implementing the above strategies, the project manager will be able to improve the outcome of the project. Project team meetings In a bid to ensure that the project is successful defined, planned, and executed, a number of project team meetings will be conducted. A number of issues will be discussed during the project team meetings as illustrated by the figure below. Figure 2 Project team identity In a bid to ensure that the project team members are committed to the green fashion store, the project manager will ensure that adequate team identity is established. Developing team identity will contribute towards development of a high level of commitment amongst the team members. The team members will identify with the green fashion store. Thus, their efforts will be focused at achieving the project’s goals. The project manager intends to create team identity by conducting frequent meetings. The meetings will lead to improvement of the team members’ attitude and opinion towards the project. Consequently, the likelihood of developing team behaviour will be increased. Team identity will also be developed by nurturing a high degree of interaction and information sharing amongst the team members. This goal will be achieved by utilising the co-location technique. Virtual teams will not be used in the project. Thus, the project team members will have an opportun ity to interact with another thus developing a strong working relationship. The phrase ‘green fashion’ will be used as the project team name. This name will make the project team more tangible. Moreover, an appealing team logo will be designed. The logos will be designed on T-shirts and caps that will be worn by the project team members. As a result, the project team members will love being associated with the project. In addition to the above strategies, the project manager will ensure that effective team rituals are developed. The rituals will lead to establishment of strong and unique team identity. One of the rituals that will be developed entails giving the team members a T-shirt inscribed with the milestones achieved. Monitoring and evaluation This process improves the project outcome by identifying areas that require adjustments. Furthermore, monitoring and evaluation allows the project manager to evaluate the achievements that have been accomplished. The process of monitoring and evaluating the Green Store Project will take into account a number of issues, which include the project costs, resources, project sponsors, and the entire project management team. Participatory monitoring and evaluation strategy will be adopted and this strategy will entail taking into account all the project stakeholders. The project sponsors will be evaluated in order to determine whether they are providing the necessary project guidance. On the other hand, the project team members will be monitored in order to determine whether their actions are positively influencing the completion of the project. Monitoring and evaluating resources will play a critical role in ensuring that the project resources, which are scarce, are optimally being utilised. By integrating effective project monitoring and evaluation, the project manager will be in a position to promote the development of positive behaviours amongst the team members. The entrepreneur intends to complete the Green Fashion Store within 56 days. Consequently, optimal monitoring and evaluation with regard to how time is utilised in implementing the project will be undertaken. The project will monitor the project’s progress by tracking the Gantt chart by incorporating a baseline Gantt chart. The respective activities in the Gantt chart will be tracked. Periodic reports regarding the project process will be formulated by developing a control chart. Consequently, the project manager will be in a position to determine the project’s trend. For example, the project manager will assess whether the project progress is ahead or behind schedule, and hence report to the stakeholders more effectively. In addition to the above types of evaluation, the project manager will also evaluate the customers’ opinion regarding the green fashion store. One of the elements that will be taken into account entails assessing whether the target customers have integrated the concept of green fashi on in their consumption processes. Consequently, the project manager will be able to determine the likelihood of obtaining support from the customers. To evaluate the performance of project amongst potential customers, the entrepreneur will conduct a market survey through the green fashion website that will be established. Moreover, emerging social media platforms will also be used. Project closure Projects have a definite timeframe and must be completed within the set deadline and transferred to the owners. Consequently, it is imperative for project managers to ensure effective project closure. The project manager is of the opinion that the project will be successfully completed. Consequently, normal project closure technique will be undertaken. The closure will comprise a number of activities, which include, Conducting a post project audit to determine the degree of project success Undertaking wrap-up closure activities [which include paying out the bills and closing the project accounts] Conducting individual and team evaluation Preparing a final report that summarises the entire project. The final report will be comprised of a number of elements which include; Project performance review- This will be achieved by reviewing whether the project is in conformity with the set standards. Project analysis Lessons learnt and recommendations on how to improve future projects The project team members and the volunteers will be acknowledged and thanked for their effort. The acknowledgement will be undertaken by identifying each of the team members’ contribution to the establishment of the green fashion store. Potential obstacles The project life cycle will be comprised of three main stages, which include the start, project life, and finish. A number of activities, which include project definition, planning, execution, and project delivery, will be undertaken during the project life cycle. However, various obstacles might affect project implementation and s uccess adversely. Consequently, it is imperative for project managers to adopt effective preventive measures. Some of the risks potential obstacles that might be experienced in this project are discussed herein. Implementation challenges– One of the major obstacles that might affect the project relates to lack of commitment amongst the team members. Such occurrences may limit the likelihood of the project being completed within the set timeframe. The project team members may lose momentum, hence drifting from the set project goals. Development delays- The entrepreneur intends to cut the amount of time required to complete the Green Fashion Store project with 20% and to achieve this goal, the project manager will adopt the crashing strategy. Considering that the Green Fashion Store is a new entity, the firm does not have adequate staff. Consequently, the likelihood of some project team members multitasking is high as some activities and assignments will have to be completed wi thin the same time. Multitasking may limit the effectiveness with which the project team members undertake their duties. Moreover, excessive multitasking may lead to time loss hence affecting the project completion. Cost increment- Existence of resource bottlenecks is another major obstacle that might affect the project. Risk management Occurrence of risk might hinder the project implementation. Consequently, comprehensive risk management process will be adopted. Four main risk management aspects, which include risk identification, risk response control, risk assessment, and risk response development will be incorporated. The project manager will integrate the following risk management strategies. Assessment of the milestones- The project manager will evaluate whether the set milestones are achieved. Balancing project activities with personal activities, the project manager will integrate optimal time management strategies to prevent the team members’ infectiveness because o f multitasking. Effective allocation and control of project resources; this will prevent deviation from the predetermined project budget. Summary and recommendations Implementing the above project plan will improve the likelihood of the Green Fashion Store succeeding. The feasibility of the project is enhanced as the project will contribute towards environmental protection and the project will promote consumption of ‘green fashion’, hence minimising environmental pollution and climate change. Moreover, the project feasibility is enhanced by the fact that customers are increasingly becoming conscious of the environment. Therefore, project sponsors will be committed in supporting the project. The success of the project will depend on the effectiveness with which the available project resources are managed. Time is one of the most important resources in the process of implementing the Green Fashion Store. By implementing the time crashing strategy, the project manager wil l minimise the duration within which the project has to be implemented. As a result, the amount of resources required will go down. The project manager will be required to assess the work breakdown structure in order to determine the most effective way to crash the project time. Analysing the WBS will enable the project manager to define task durations effectively. In a bid to improve the project outcome, effective quality management, and control should be integrated, by formulating optimal quality standards. Through effective quality control, the project manager will eliminate non-conformities. Non-conformities underscore aspects that add no value to the project but they might be inevitable in a project management process if the project manager fails to observe effectiveness for optimal results. The success of the Green Fashion Store project will be determined by the commitment of all the team members, which underscores the importance of optimal project team management. The project manager can achieve this goal by integrating effective team formation and development strategies such as effective conflict management and communication, which will improve the effectiveness with which the project team members interact. The project manager should ensure that effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are developed by integrating Gantt charts, which should be tracked continuously to improve the likelihood of identifying and adjusting deviations that occur. Upon its completion, the manager should ensure that effective project closure is undertaken by conducting an audit of the project in order to determine its success. The success of the project might be subject to various internal and external challenges. Consequently, it is imperative for the project manager to integrate effective risk management strategies by ensuring that risks are identified effectively in a bid to address any challenge that might arise during the project management process. This essay on Project Management for Small to Medium Enterprises was written and submitted by user GitHoskins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Creation vs evolution essays

Creation vs evolution essays If you're planning a vacation later this year, better make sure it's not in Kansas. According to recent reports, the state's overall IQ has just taken a nosedive. What has caused this "giant step back into the nineteenth century" as one person called it? Quite simply, the State Board of Education voted to de-emphasize evolution in state testing and to give local school boards the option of deciding whether or not evolution would be taught. Nationwide, the reaction has been vehement. On ABC's "Politically Incorrect," Ellen Johnson, president of American Atheists, Inc., referred to the Board of Education members as "Neanderthals." Invectives like "embarrassing," "backward," "insane," "intellectual backwater," "blotting out the light of truth and knowledge," peppered the Letters to the Editor of the Wichita Eagle's online edition. Even PBS's Bill Nye, "The Science Guy," weighed in on the topic. The Associated Press quotes Nye as saying "to reject this fundamental, beautiful thing about the world around us is harebrained. It's nutty." What is striking about the reaction to the Board's decision is not that some people disagree with it. Anything as controversial as the creation/evolution debate is bound to generate a diversity of opinion. But the ferocity of the responses reveals something at work other than a simple difference in points of view concerning educational policy. After all, the Board of Education did not mandate the teaching of a particular view of creation. They did not endorse fundamental Christianity, or Judaism or Islam. They didn't even order the teaching of creation alongside of evolution. They chose merely to de-emphasize evolution and allow local school systems to decide how or if it is taught. If you listen to the voices raised in protest, you might conclude that creationism is inherently anti-scientific and anti-intellectual. Th ...

20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You

20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You 20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You 20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You By Mark Nichol Similes, metaphors, and analogies are turns of phrase that help readers conjure images in a narrative, whether in fiction or nonfiction, but it is in the latter form that they bloom more profusely. And what’s the difference between each of the three literary devices? A simile is a comparison between one thing and another. If you refer to a figure of speech blooming like a flower on a page, you have created a simile. If you more directly say that the figure of speech bloomed before your eyes, you have employed a metaphor. An analogy is a more practical, didactic description: â€Å"Imagine that the figure of speech is like a flower blooming on the page.† Analogy is more common in nonfiction, but simile and metaphor are found there as well. Strive to create engaging similes and metaphors, but insert them in the service of your prose, as stars in the sky, not entire moons. They are foot soldiers, not field officers, in your campaign to inform and/or interest your readers. They are chorus members, not ingenues; extras, not stars. They are OK, enough with the metaphors, already. But before I share with you 20 top similes from great literature, I offer a few tips, like lanterns that serve to light your way: They should be simple and clear: The ones you will read below are literally outstanding, but they’re also removed from their context, where they are mere flowers in fertile fields of great writing. Similes and metaphors should be useful, concise, and then perhaps memorable as well, in that order. And if the task of creating one becomes toil, you’re trying too hard, and your exertions will show. They should stir, but they shouldn’t be mixed: When you adopt a specific theme, stick with it. A mixed metaphor is a missed opportunity, and a distraction rather than a delight. They should be original: If a simile or metaphor doesn’t rise head and shoulders above a more functional description, it won’t fly. Make sure the imagery is worth the effort of creating it. They should entertain: A simile or metaphor, to return to a previously employed metaphor, is like an actor with a bit part who utters a single line, but that line should be trenchant or ticklesome. They should be visually arresting: Similes and metaphors are intended to paint a picture for the reader in order to endow a person, place, or thing with resonance. Herewith, lessons in incandescent imagery: 1. â€Å". . . she tried to get rid of the kitten which had scrambled up her back and stuck like a burr just out of reach.† Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott 2. â€Å"Time has not stood still. It has washed over me, washed me away, as if I’m nothing more than a woman of sand, left by a careless child too near the water.† The Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood 3. â€Å"Her romantic mind was like the tiny boxes, one within the other, that come from the puzzling East . . .† Peter Pan, by J. M. Barrie. 4. â€Å". . . and snow lay here and there in patches in the hollow of the banks, like a ladys gloves forgotten.† Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor, by R. D. Blackmore 5. â€Å"I would have given anything for the power to soothe her frail soul, tormenting itself in its invincible ignorance like a small bird beating about the cruel wires of a cage.† Lord Jim, by Joseph Conrad 6. â€Å"In the eastern sky there was a yellow patch like a rug laid for the feet of the coming sun . . .† The Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane 7. â€Å". . . when I laid down the paper, I was aware of a flash rush flow I do not know what to call it no word I can find is satisfactorily descriptive in which I seemed to see that bedroom passing through my room, like a picture impossibly painted on a running river. To Be Taken with a Grain of Salt, by Charles Dickens 8. â€Å". . . utterly absorbed by the curious experience that still clung to him like a garment.† Magnificent Obsession, by Lloyd C. Douglas 9. â€Å"She entered with ungainly struggle like some huge awkward chicken, torn, squawking, out of its coop.† The Adventure of the Three Gables, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 10. â€Å"He looks like right after the maul hits the steer and it no longer alive and don’t yet know that it is dead.† As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner 11. â€Å"Past him, ten feet from his front wheels, flung the Seattle Express like a flying volcano.† Arrowsmith, by Sinclair Lewis 12. â€Å"Her father had inherited that temper; and at times, like antelope fleeing before fire on the slope, his people fled from his red rages.† Riders of the Purple Sage, by Zane Grey 13. â€Å"The very mystery of him excited her curiosity like a door that had neither lock nor key.† Gone with the Wind, by Margaret Mitchell 14. â€Å"Elderly American ladies leaning on their canes listed toward me like towers of Pisa.† Lolita, by Vladimir Nabokov 15. â€Å"Camperdown, Copenhagen, Trafalgar these names thunder in memory like the booming of great guns.† Mutiny on the Bounty, by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall 16. â€Å"It was Franà §oise, motionless and erect, framed in the small doorway of the corridor like the statue of a saint in its niche.† Swann’s Way, by Marcel Proust 17. â€Å"The water made a sound like kittens lapping.† The Yearling, by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings 18. â€Å"Kate inched over her own thoughts like a measuring worm.† East of Eden, by John Steinbeck 19. â€Å"He swung a great scimitar, before which Spaniards went down like wheat to the reaper’s sickle.† The Sea-Hawk, by Rafael Sabatini 20. â€Å". . . impressions poured in upon her of those two men, and to follow her thought was like following a voice which speaks too quickly to be taken down by ones pencil . . .† To the Lighthouse, by Virginia Woolf Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Among vs. AmongstWhile vs. Whilst

Music in the Twentieth Century Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Music in the Twentieth Century - Case Study Example An artiste achieves his goals through distortion, embellishment, primitivism, and castle in the sky and throughout the glowing, raucous, fierce, or vibrant use of formal rudiments. In a broad sense Expressionism is one of the major existences of arts of 19th and 20th centuries, and its excellences of vastly individualistic, delicate, spontaneous expressiveness are distinctive of a wide array of contemporary artistes and arty groups (Norman 1985). Expressionism is the past continuance of the common practice era. Not like Neo-classicism, which was a come back to the ancient times, expressionism pursued an almost continuous procession. Expressionism is often linked with the word ATONAL (which is equivalent of "without a tonal center") (Arnold 1967). Harshly speaking, this is vague, since the entire playing fields are in Expressionism are of equivalent meaning. Most inquisitive changes that come to mind are that tunes and harmonies be likely to build in a similar way. There is small, if some, difference between perpendicular and parallel configurations; in the Common practice era, melodies had a prevalence of step-by-step movements but harmonies were built in 3rds. Expressionism has a propensity for utilizing the same doctrine in constructing them both. Not like Impressionism, its objectives were not to make a re... The hunt for harmony and various forms of melody isn't as imperative as aiming to attain the maximum expressional strength, both from the aesthetic standpoint and consistent with inspiration and human being critics. Although openly atonal, Pierrot lunaire scores a come back to counterpoint and looks ahead to the prearranged "atonality of serialism" (Allen 2002). But, the feature of Schoenberg's Expressionist way which had the maximum impact on later on musicians and composers was his beginning of melody as open and free, twelve-tone chromatic pitch where any pattern of pitches could operate as a "standard" (Allen 2002). Appropriate composition, where every work describes its own exacting language and way, can only be comprehended in context of these new broader perimeters. The work "Au clair de la lune, Mon ami Pierrot" is a histrionic, a form well-liked at the moment, containing poems spoken beside an instrumental backdrop (Allen 2002). Schoenberg's label explains the work of art as "three times seven poems by Albert Giraud in German translation by Otto Erich Hartleben." Pierrot lunaire is the final imperative work of Schoenberg's Expressionist era (1907 to World War I ). An extremely influential part is the influence of expressionism on musical approach. Towards the closing stages of the 19th century, there was a rising gap between traditionalists' areas of skill and pioneering ones, conventional in a variety of themes (Norman 1985). This 'distance' can be simply noticed in Vienna's structural designs: the majority of organizational structures in the region of the Ringstrae were constructed in neo-Classical way, convening the flavor of the rather dyed-in-the-wool Habsburgs and other graciousness (Norman 1985). More or less this time

Social network and project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social network and project management - Essay Example Working on team projects of this type is a new experience for most of the students and the maturity of their thinking skills has advanced in important ways. Social Networking Systems (SNS), such as Facebook, are wildly popular in today’s world. This popularity and the availability of many interaction features in SNS suggest that they could offer new and powerful possibilities for technology-enhanced education. The study done specifically examined the potential for a social media platform called Ning, in providing helpful mechanisms for student teams to employ for communicating, collaborating and cooperating while undergoing major itinerary project and it all came out positive and so beneficial. The members involved in this kind of project teams can vary widely in terms of dimensions such as age, gender and cultural background even though highly diverse teams face special problems such as leadership structure, mutual respect, motivation and open discussion in conducting their project management activities. Social media brings knowledge democratization, and falling application costs bring a proliferation of application and content. This results in fragmentation that drives corporations and not-for profits seek out leadership to make use of their intangible assets and reuse their knowledge and expertise to evolve and remain competitive. The following are some of the discovered roles knowledge professionals are most likely to play in this rapidly evolving environment: Managing initiatives focusing on content and collaboration, supporting innovation and change, Identifying new methods to streamline processes and procedures throughout the organization. New academic programmers incorporating social media while focusing on project management and leadership, specifically as they relate to enterprise-wide information and knowledge, are

Milgrams Obedience Experiment Essay Example for Free

Milgrams Obedience Experiment Essay In the 1960s, Milgram, then a professor at Yale, recruited ordinary people through a newspaper ad offering them money to help in a project purporting to improve human memory. In Milgrams experiment two people come into the laboratory where they are told they will be taking part in a study of memory and learning. Milgram was interested in how people obey under authoritative circumstances, using fake settings to test obedience. Under any given circumstance people tend to obey authority differently. Milgram tested this theory out by putting his volunteers into a laboratory setting and having them pressing a button shocking the other person for a wrong answer . Most of Milgrams volunteers went through the experiment, not wanting to disobey the authority figure. The volunteers in Milgrams experiment were fighting their subconscious minds. The person had complete power over the other individual, whom he could punish whenever he saw fit. The subject had to decide if what they were doing was right (causing pain to another). This study suggests to me that, rightly managed, a cohesive group with an authoritative leader can find people who will do almost anything. The thing I found interesting while reading about Milgrams Obedience experiment was the deception that took place. Right from the start, the subject was deceived by the motives of Milgrams experiment. It is not an experiment on the affect of electric shocks on learning, it was an experiment aiming to see how far the subject would be willing to go, when instructed by an authoritative figure. To me his experiment seems like one a doctor would use to determine the effects of a new drug on a group of people. While some are giving the real drug others are giving placebos or fake pills. In Milgrams experiment, people are led to believe that they are shocking the other person for a wrong answer and increasing the voltage after each shock when they really were not. The button that they push to deliver that shock would be the placebo button placed there to make the  person think that they were really inflicting harm on the other person. The purpose of the study was to determine the degree to which a person will be obedient to an authoritys orders or requests if they do not agree with the requests being made. This situation occurs in many aspects of society, including the military, employer/employee situations, and most disturbingly,  Nazi  Germany. I think that this experiment shows just how sadistic one can be if one wishes to be.

Cable Modems Vs. Digital Subscriber :: essays research papers fc

The Internet has grabbed on to the world and it isn’t letting go. Nearly 36 million U.S. homes currently have PCs and everyone is dying to jump on the information superhighway. The Internet, which started as a group of government agencies and universities, has grown to include almost anyone, from home users to large companies and everyone in between. It makes sense then that providing Internet service is big business. The service which used to be dominated by groups of nerdy computer whizzes using equipment in someone’s basement is now being provided by many telephone companies, large on-line services and may soon be available from you local cable company. Computer users are an impatient group. They are starving for a faster way of connecting to the ‘net. Until now home users have had to suffer with the slow connections available with analog modems or spend a relatively large amount on having a digital line, such as ISDN, installed and then continue paying a lot for the monthly charges associated with such lines. Standard analog modems have always been hindered by the bandwidth they are allowed to use. Standard voice grade phone lines use the frequency spectrum between 0khz and 4khz to transmit their signal. 33.6 kbps modems packed nearly 11 bits of data per hertz, a remarkable feat, which is very near the theoretical limit. To allow faster connections modems must use a wider bandwidth. Two new competing technologies are now being developed which use this broadband idea to give computer users the speed they crave. Telephone companies are working on developing a way to use the standard twisted pair copper wires that now connect nearly every home in America to transmit data at high speeds. These technologies, collectively called DSL, come in two main flavors. ADSL, this is an acronym for asymmetric digital subscriber line, is the most common. This name was coined by Bellcore in 1989. The other main type of digital subscriber line is called HDSL. It stands for high-bit-rate digital subscriber line. These two technologies are essentially the same, except they apportion a different bandwidth to upstream (user to network) and downstream (network to user) data transmission. Concurrently, cable television providers are working on technologies to allow them to connect computers to their network and allow users to connect to the Internet at speeds just as high. Such equipment is being called a cable modem. Cable modems offer the possibility of transferring data at rates up to ten megabits per second, a speed nearly ten times faster than that of ISDN and about twenty times faster than today’s fastest analog modems. This number is somewhat misleading however. The truth is that in order to actually

Determinism, Compatibilism, Incompatibilism

Determinism is a philosophical standpoint, which advocates that every action and event, including humans' mental processes and decisions can be predicted using chains of previous occurrences. In this manner, humans' futures are not necessarily predetermined but can be shaped and influenced by past and present circumstances. Compatibilism is a philosophical viewpoint, which postulates that free will and determinism are complementary ideas. Free will can be defined as man's freedom to choose and be responsible for his actions and decisions. Compatibilists believe that as long as man's actions and decisions are not forced on him, or he is not constrained or coerced to do anything he doesn't want, then he is exercising his free will. In theological aspect, compatibilism argues that even if God is all-knowing, He didn't took away from man his capacity to decide whether he'd choose the right or wrong path. Man is left with the moral responsibility of his actions. Incompatibilism, as the term implies, is a notion that is opposite to that of compatibilism. Incompatibilists argue that free will and determinism are not complementary. There are two types of incompatibilism. First is the libertarianism, which states that the universe can't be deterministic and believers of this concept assert that free will exists. The second one is called hard determinism, which asserts that determinism exists but it is not compatible with free will. The Consequence Argument was formulated by Van Inwagen to support the Incompatibilists' assertion that free will and determinism can never go together. This argument operates on the no-choice premise, which states that if determinism exists, then man has no control over events and the nature's laws, and their consequences. There are two inferences that support Inwagen's argument: Inference A: man has no choice of what went on before his time and how things happened prior to his birth; Inference B: man has no choice on the laws of nature and how they affect and shape events of the present and future. From these inferences, Inwagen's argument concludes that the result or consequences of the natural laws and past occurrences are not up to man. Man, therefore, has no choice. If I were a compatibilist, I would argue against the Consequence Argument by contradiction. If I can prove that either A or B is not true, then, that would negate Van Inwagen's claim that incompatibilism is true. For instance, if Raul's father died because of weak lungs and Raul also has weak lungs because of his genetic make up, then Inference A would be true because he can't do anything about his genes. The natural conclusion, under determinism, would for Raul to also die because of weak lungs. However, Raul can make Inference B false by taking care of himself and avoiding any substance that would further weaken his lungs. He can also fight his condition by taking medicines and exercising. Raul has every chance of overcoming his weakness and need not die from weak lungs. Even if Raul has no choice about his genetic make up, he still has a choice on how to address this matter. Since Inference B is proven false, then, the Consequence Argument does not hold true.

Culture and Health Essay

A person’s heritage encompasses the full scope of inherited traditions, religion, and culture. It can influence the activities and behaviors that individuals draw from. Heritage is something that can give a sense of who, what, where and how a person fits into a society and develops over time. Heritage can be a sense of identity that is valued by a single person or include a wider group of individuals. Many times a heritage is something that is passed down through the generations. Health traditions can be a very important part of a cultural heritage. This paper will be discussing the usefulness of applying a heritage assessment in evaluating the needs of the whole person. Second, this paper will review information collected through interviews from three families each from a different culture. This section will address the differences in health traditions between the different cultures, including health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration. The three cultures being discussed include Chinese, Hispanic and American. The American heritage is that of the authors and will focus on the author’s religion of Mormonism. Common health traditions will be identified and how families subscribe to these traditions and practices will be discussed. The goal of this paper is to provide a greater understanding of the heritage assessment tool, how health traditions may vary in other cultures and how families subscribe to traditions and practices. People have a different cultural heritage that effects their beliefs and traditions. It is important to respect each individual’s different heritage. Rachael Spector created the Heritage Assessment Tool, a questionnaire used to assess an individual’s heritage. When describing this tool it states, â€Å"This set of questions can be used to investigate a given patient’s or your own ethnic, cultural, and religious heritage. It can help you to perform a heritage assessment to determine how deeply a given person identifies with a particular tradition. It is most useful in setting the stage for understanding a person’s health traditions† (Cultural, 2012, sec. 3) The heritage assessment tool helps to determine one’s ethnic, religious and ultural background. When showing sensitivity to a patient’s culture it can create a good relationship with them. Understanding the culture of a patient is important for the nurse so as to provide care that fits the patient’s health traditions. Once beliefs and culture are identified a nurse can respect those cultures and give culturally appropriate care to the patient. People come from different cultures with different heritage traditions, especially when dealing with health. Nurses have to respect these cultural diversities. By using a heritage assessment a nurse can understand the needs of their patient. A person’s cultural heritage, religion, and /or beliefs, greatly influences a person’s response to medical care and their health traditions (Spector, 2009). When looking at health heritage, one needs to look at traditional health methods used to maintain, protect, and restore health. These three methods have been described as follows, â€Å"Health maintenance—the traditional beliefs and practices, such as daily health-related activities, diet, exercise, rest, and clothing, used to maintain health. Health protection—the traditional beliefs and practices about what should be done on special occasions or on an ongoing basis for health protection, such as food taboos and wearing amulets. Health restoration—the traditional beliefs and practices concerning the activities, such as the use of folk remedies and healers, that must be used to restore health† (Cultural, 2012, sec. Selected Cultural Care Terms). Three individuals from different cultures have been interviewed to discuss their views on these health methods based on their heritage and traditions. Those three cultures include Chinese, Hispanic, and American. In the Chinese culture, the people believe that herbs and tea are essential in the healing and maintaining of ones body. To help with health maintenance many people in the Chinese culture will clean using herbs. To promote health protection different tea can be drank to prevent different illnesses, for example ginger tea can help prevent the flu. Chinese individuals may use different tea to help fight an illness, they believe herbal tea can help restore health after a bad cold or cough (J. Chen, personal communication, February 28, 2013). When it comes to health the majority of Hispanic culture are very strong believers in their religion. Often Hispanic families come from a Catholic faith and have a strong belief in God and prayer. In the Hispanic culture, families are very close and this typically includes the extended family. Some feel that living by family helps with stress and overall happiness, which improves health. When is comes to health they think eating is important and eggs are helpful in health maintenance. They also use tea and herbs for healing purposes. Many times Hispanics include their family in health decisions (L. Bayardo, personal communication, February 28, 2013). The last family interviewed was the author’s family. The author comes from an American heritage. In America there are so many different types of cultures and heritages. The author feels that his family heritage gains most of its beliefs and traditions from religion. The author grew up a Latter Day Saint, also known as a Mormon. In the Mormon religion families put a lot of belief in God, prayer, and priesthood blessings for healing and health. Mormons also believe in the use of modern day medicine for health and healing. In order to maintain and protect health Mormons believe in healthy eating habits, healthy living habits and abstaining from drugs, alcohol and coffee. Mormons have similar health habits and traditions to many Americans with other religions. Based on the interviews conducted many cultures believe in having healthy eating habits for health maintenance. It is also shown that different cultures have different ideas of health protection and restoration. These different methods can all be beneficial and should be respected. The different families subscribe to and support their heritage by practicing the things they have been taught and sharing the information that has been passed down. In order to keep traditions alive and health habits to be observed and practiced they need to be understood and respected by the next generation. Heritage and culture help individuals to understand whom they are, where they come from, and what they believe. There are many different cultures, each having different beliefs and values. These beliefs and values contribute to different perceptions on health and illness. By assessing an individual’s cultural heritage, nurses can have effective communication and provide meaningful care to their patients. It is important for nurses to not only understand their own cultural practices, but other cultures as well. In order to offer the best care heritage and culture need to be understood and respected.

Jamestown Essay essays

Jamestown Essay essays Jamestown offered more opportunity to colonists than Massachusetts Bay Colony by allowing more than one religion, more workers rights, and freedom of speech. Jamestown settlers had a charter from England guaranteeing the rights of settlers, as they would have had it in England. The Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony and they received a charter also. Both colonies had their have and have-nots in them. Massachusetts Bay Colony promoted the church greatly and Jamestown promoted working over religion. Jamestown was the starting of a democracy, equality. Colonists in Jamestown were given the right of free speech. The House of Burgess, first elected legislative assembly, was created for the settlers in Jamestown. Only white males, with property were aloud to vote in the assembly. When England started to send over indentured servants for the colonist, they were aloud to protest in courts for being abused or being handled in the wrong way. In Massachusetts the Puritans had set standards for the elect, visible saints. Not all the people could become the elect and participate in church. The justices in the local courts in Massachusetts were appointed by England, not by the people. Jamestown did not depend on one religion, as this was not the case in Massachusetts. In Massachusetts the colonists were mostly Puritans, some separatists were there also. Jamestown had a mix of all religions and did not really care about it as much as the Puritans did. It didnt matter what religion you where in Jamestown, because everyone was equal. Puritans made everything based upon religion because they had a covenant with God. They were giving faith to God to help them start a settlement that all the people would look up to. It didnt matter what religion you where in Jamestown, because everyone was equal. The colonists in Jamestown had more rights for workers because it didnt rely on religio ...

Zheng Hes Treasure Ships of the Ming Dynasty

Zheng Hes Treasure Ships of the Ming Dynasty Between 1405 and 1433, Ming China under the rule of Zhu Di, sent out enormous armadas of ships into the Indian Ocean commanded by the eunuch admiral Zheng He. The flagship and other largest treasure junks dwarfed European ships of that century; even  Christopher Columbuss flagship, the Santa Maria, was between 1/4 and 1/5 the size of Zheng Hes. Drastically changing the face of Indian Ocean trade and power, these fleets embarked on seven epic voyages under Zheng Hes guidance, resulting in a rapid expansion of Ming Chinas control in the region, but also of their struggle to maintain it in years to come due to the financial burden of such endeavors. Sizes According to Ming Chinese Measurements All of the measurements in the remaining Ming Chinese records of the Treasure Fleet are in a unit called zhang, which is made up of ten chi or Chinese feet. Although the exact length of a zhang and chi has varied over time, the Ming chi was probably about 12.2 inches (31.1 centimeters) according to Edward Dreyer. For ease of comparison, the measurements below are given in English feet. One English foot is equivalent to 30.48 centimeters. Incredibly, the largest ships in the fleet (called baoshan, or treasure ships) were likely between 440 and 538 feet long by 210 feet wide. The 4-decked baoshan had an estimated displacement of 20-30,000 tons, roughly 1/3 to 1/2 the displacement of modern American aircraft carriers. Each had nine masts on its deck, rigged with square sails that could be adjusted in series to maximize efficiency in different wind conditions. The Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of an amazing 62 or 63 such ships for Zheng Hes first voyage, in 1405. Extant records show that another 48 were ordered in 1408, plus 41 more in 1419, along with 185 smaller ships throughout that time. Zheng Hes Smaller Ships Along with dozens of baoshan, each armada included hundreds of smaller ships. The eight-masted ships, called machuan or horse ships, were about 2/3 the size of the baoshan  measuring approximately 340 feet by 138 feet. As indicated by the name, the machuan carried horses along with timber for repairs and tribute goods. Seven-masted liangchuan or grain ships carried rice and other food for the crew and soldiers in the fleet. Liangchuan was about 257 feet by 115 feet in size. The next ships in descending order of size were the zuochuan, or troopships, at 220 by 84 feet with each transport ship having six masts. Finally, the small, five-masted warships or zhanchuan, each about 165 feet long, were designed to be maneuverable in battle. Though tiny compared with the baochuan, the zhanchuan were more than twice as long as Christopher Columbuss flagship, the Santa Maria. The Treasure Fleets Crew Why did Zheng He need so many huge ships? One reason, of course, was shock and awe. The sight of these enormous ships appearing on the horizon one by one must have been truly incredible for the people all along the Indian Oceans rim and would have enhanced Ming Chinas prestige immeasurably. The other reason was that Zheng He traveled with an estimated 27,000 to 28,000 sailors, marines, translators and other crew members. Along with their horses, rice, drinking water, and trade goods, that number of people required a staggering amount of room aboard the ship. In addition, they had to make space for the emissaries, tribute goods and wild animals that went back to China.

Legalization of Same Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Legalization of Same Sex Marriage - Essay Example There was paramount work done in developed states mostly United States and those in the European continent. The initials perception for those who advocated and struggled to fight for this abhorrent practice was short sightedness of the issue several consequences. This is because most of them focused on the materials based on the biblical issues without the considerations of the surrounding factors of the family institution as better start point for healthy and prosperous communities of the nation. Their basement on the religious issue was personal to involve, getting in the different religions which was one way of gaining access of banning the laws which acted as barrage to fulfillment of the detestable practice. Then, as it has always been, the repercussions of every action are felt after sometime, hence the fulfillment of the adage which say "time is the best prophet of the future". (Symons, 1980) Gay and lesbian marriage brings about abnormal practices which were unheard in our traditions and already established society. It is not that the people of the old and new generations are in the state of objecting the change. But under the practices which have already been demonstrated throughout the world are alarming due to the use of such homosexually kinds of marriages. Gay marriages have rooted cultures which display non-commitments to the established ways of living. The era before the coming up of most arguments that lead to the founding of the gays and lesbianism, families were mostly established under the heterosexuality mode of marriage. The old set of heterosexuality was more binding to the building of families which were ever long lasting and welcoming. The rapid increase on religions and political as well economic trade with the globalization era is the ones which have brought with them to ever alarming issues on the marriage institutions. (Leach, 1978) The heated debates on liberty for women and for marriage has resulted to the allowing of people to do things on the own will. This has greatly ended up making many families on the contemporary society to have a misunderstanding of marriage values and purposes. As most people would think and consider marriage, most of the early people viewed marriage as means which was set to for particular goal. The family was highly valued as it created a place which the two married people would build one another. Basically, religious studies research and through the biological scientific work which have already been disseminated, there is clear evidence that neither man nor woman can claims that he/she is perfectly complete. This study reveals that they all have certain percentage which is complemented by the partners in which they get involved. The complementation of the two people who get involved in the marriage issues is quite unique. This of course involves a number of ways which are not limit ed to the spiritual, physical and even psychological means. (Rosenblatt, 2005) Legalization of same sex marriages would thus make individuals to get into gay and lesbianism. This would actually invert the purposes of complementation on the wide studied field. The natural over turn of the marriages issues can be viewed as the source of the many problems which the global world is

Parliament and policy making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Parliament and policy making - Essay Example However, recent studies in this field show that parliamentary lobbying and pressure group activities are on the rise in the past two-three decades, both in the House of Commons and in the House of Lords. Moreover, both chambers of Parliament are viewed by pressure groups not only in the light of institutions of last resort but also as â€Å"access points† which play an important role in the entire process of influencing political and governmental decisions. Thus, during and after the rule of the Conservative governments of Margaret Thatcher, Parliament became more important for pressure groups not only as an institution of last resort but also as a place to express their views and to influence the overall decision making process. Traditionally, British MPs were depicted as the ’major channel of communication between the government and the governed’ (Wright 2000). On the other hand, the presence of a parliamentary government in the British political tradition means a form of government ’in which the executive is drawn from and is constitutionally responsible to the legislature’ (Rush 2005). In this respect, Rush explains, this is a government through parliament but not government by parliament (2005). Therefore, many theorists observed that in the UK the largest proportion of pressure group activities is focused towards senior government officials and ministers, in particular, the power-holders in the British system of government. On the other hand, Parliament possesses powerful tools to influence both cabinet ministers and legislation they are trying to pass through Westminster. In the case of legislation proposed by backbenchers themselves, the Parliament has the final word on bi lls; hence, it is really the institution of last resort to which pressure groups are turning. Moreover, UK Parliament has a monopoly to recruit cabinet ministers as opposed to the US where those seeking political posts could pursue their objectives also

English 2 - IP 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English 2 - IP 5 - Research Paper Example Teenagers who are 18 years old are still studying and are therefore highly involved in academic work. At this age, they should be studying rather than engaging in vices. Legalizing alcohol at this stage will distract the teenager from his or her academic life. That instead of focusing on their studies, teenagers will turn into vices and will instead end up losing direction in their academic work because of alcohol (Vick, 2010). Prohibiting alcohol at this age ensures that teenagers will remain focus on their studies and graduate school. It is not advisable for teenagers to drink alcohol at an early age because alcoholism is an expensive habit which may be unaffordable to many teenagers. If teenagers will be allowed to drink at age 18 and get hooked with the habit, they may look for other ways to finance their habit. Thus, legalizing alcoholism at the age of 18 will lead young adults looking to illicit activities as they look for money to sustain their vice (Vick, 2010). This is a dangerous path for teenagers who are still in school because this could lead to bigger crimes just to fund their vice and therefore alcohol should be banned among 18 year olds. Alcohol does not only ruin teenagers study and future through crime but also has a negative effect on this health. Alcohol exposes the drinker to diseases such as cirrhosis (OMalley, & Wagenaar, 1991) and other diseases such liver cancer. These diseases reduce the life expectancy period of a person if the allowable drinking will be reduced to 18 years. Allowing teenagers to start drinking early also runs the danger of making them alcoholics who are addicted to the substance of alcohol that ruins every aspect of their lives ranging from their studies, their personal life, their health and ultimately, their future. Sources 1: OMalley, P. M., & Wagenaar, A. C. (1991). Effects of minimum drinking age laws on alcohol use, related behaviors and traffic crash involvement

Cadbury | Marketing Analysis

Cadbury | Marketing Analysis Cadbury, the global leader in the chocolate confectionery market, began in 1824 when a young Quaker named John Cadbury opened up a shop in Birmingham. He sold tea, coffee and drinking cocoa and chocolate and one of the main causes of poverty was alcohol, he hoped that his product would prove to be a suitable alternative for it and so he maintained high quality standards for all of his products. Quakers was not allowed to attend university at that time and his anti-military thoughts also kept him away from the military, so he devoted his time towards business related activities or to other social reforms. John was selling 11 different types of cocoa and 16 different kinds of drinking chocolate by 1842. His brother, Benjamin also joined the company and they formed Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. They got the Royal Warranty from Queen Victoria in 1854 and opened their office in London. The partnership failed after six years when Johns wife died and due to his deteriorating health. The business was handed over to George and Richard, Johns sons and they operated the business later on. The two brothers continued to expand their business and were earning profit now. Cadburys Cocoa Essence, which was advertised as absolutely pure and therefore best, was an all-natural product made with pure cocoa butter and no starchy ingredients. Cocoa Essence was the beginning of chocolate as we know it today. They moved their business to South of Birmingham and the area became popularly known as, Bournville. Due to profitable business, the brothers also started selling tea in 1873. Master confectioner Frederic Kinchelman was appointed to share his recipe and production secrets with Cadbury workers. This resulted in Cadbury producing chocolate covered nougats, bonbons delices, pistache, caramels, avelines and more. In 1897, they manufactured their first milk chocolate and two years later, they were incorporated as a limited company and had hired 2600 people in their factory. Cadbury supported World War I and sent books, chocolates and clothes to the soldier. Around 2000 of their employees joined the armed forces. These people were allowed to work in the factory after taking educational courses once they were back from the war. During this period trade overseas increased, and Cadbury opened its first overseas factory near Hobart, Tasmania. The next year Cadbury merged with JS Fry Sons, a past market leader in chocolate. Cadbury also extended their support in the Second World War. Their factories were used for the manufacturing of arms and ammunitions. Their growing fields were used as runways for the airplanes used in wars. Cadbury St. Johns Ambulance unit helped people during air raids and chocolate were provided to soldiers through out the war. In 1969 Cadbury merged with Schweppes (a brand famous for manufacturing carbonated soft drinks and mineral water) to form Cadbury Schweppes. These two merged companies went on to acquire Sunkist, Canada Dry, Typhoo Tea and more. Schweppes Beverages was created, and the manufacture of Cadbury confectionery brands was licensed to Hershey. Today Cadbury Schweppes is the largest confectionery company in the world, employing more than 70,000 employees. In 2006 the company had over $15 billion in overall sales. Cadbury Product Timeline A history of Cadburys sweet success à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1824 John Cadbury, the son of Richard Cadbury, opened his shop in Birmingham and sold tea, coffee,hops, mustard, cocoa and drinking chocolate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1866 The Cadbury brothers introduce a new cocoa process to produce a much more palatable Cocoa Essence the forerunner of the cocoa we know today. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1897 First milk chocolate manufactured by chocolate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1904 George Cadbury Junior perfects a new recipe for milk chocolate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1905 Cadbury launched Dairy Milk into the market contained more milk than any other chocolates. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1913 Dairy Milk became Cadburys best-selling line. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1915 Cadbury Milk Tray was introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1920 Cadbury Flake was introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1923 Cream filled eggs, the forerunner of Cadburys Creme Egg, were introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mid-1920s Cadbury Dairy Milk gains its status as the brand leader in the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1928 Fruit and Nut was introduced as a variation of Dairy Milk and Cadbury introduced the glass and a half advertising slogan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1933 Cadbury added Whole Nut to the Dairy Milk family. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1938 Cadbury Roses were launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1956 Cadbury supplied Roses for a Royal tour of East Africa. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1958 Picnic was launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1960s Chocolate Éclairs were launched by London confectioner, James Pascall. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1971 Halls joined the Adams family and Cadbury Creme Egg was launched. Pascalls was bought by Cadbury, with Eclairs becoming the second largest brand in the company (at that time). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1974 Cadbury Eclairs were launched only in the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1976 Cadbury Caramel was launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1979 New advertising idea of saying thank you with Cadbury Roses was introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1980-96 Cadbury Eclairs became an international brand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1985 Cadbury Creme Egg launched a new campaign called, How do you eat yours? . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1987 Cadbury Twirl was launched and Cadbury Roses became the leading brand in the twist-wrap market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1998 Cadbury Dairy Milk was relaunched only in the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1999 Cadbury Eclairs were relaunched as Cadbury Choclairs in important markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2000 Cadbury Snowflake was launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2005 Cadbury Schweppes acquires Green Blacks, the UK premium chocolate brand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2010 Company accepted takeover bid from US food giant Kraft. Interesting Facts about Cadbury Instead of printing texts on chocolate boxes, Cadbury became the first company to include pictures as well. George Cadbury emphasized on mother-children relationship and whenever any woman worker had a baby, she was asked to leave the job and take care of the baby. Cadbury became the first company offering kitchens with dining tables and food for sale in 1886. A miniature metal animal (elephant, penguin, owl, fox, duck, squirrel, rabbit or turtle) was given away with specially designed cocoa tins in 1934. In the same year, Cadburys tokens, which came with packs of cocoa, could be redeemed for lamps, kettles and saucepans. Many children joined Cadburys Cococub Club in 1936. Cadburys World Visitor Center opened in 1990, welcoming 400,000 visitors in its first year. A Get Active program was launched by Cadbury in 2003, helping 10,000 teachers get in shape. Cadbury a leader in the global confectionery market Cadbury is one of the worlds leading confectionary firms, selling chocolate, gum and candy under its own name in addition to other brands such as Halls and Green and Blacks. It also produces a range of beverages and functional and health foods. The organization now operates in more than 60 countries, with the United States, New Zealand, Turkey and Canada among the nations in which its various products are sold. It has approximately 45000 employees and works with around 35000 direct and indirect suppliers. The firm earned a 7 percent rise in their revenue recently. Key categories and brands Cadbury is operating in a number of markets at the same time, including the functional and health foods and beverages sectors. It also sells a wide range of confectionery throughout the world both under its own brand and a range of other names. Among these are Green and Blacks chocolate ( UKs leading premium chocolate product). Other confectionery products include Cadbury Roses boxes of individually wrapped assorted chocolates and the Cadburys Creme Egg. Flake, Eclairs and Dairy Milk are the chocolates that are sold under Cadburys brand name. Other products that are offered by the firm within the confectionery sector include Freddo, Caramilk, Old Gold and Wendel Mieszanka Wedlowska. Cadbury is also a major player in the gum market, with Bubblicious bubblegum among the range of such products. Bubblicious is the number one bubblegum in Canada and the second-most popular in the United States. It comes in a variety of flavours including Watermelon Wave and Strawberry Splash. Stride is also among the gums available on the US market, while First a sugar-free gum launched in Turkey in 1995 has a number of sub-brands such as Neogum Lava. Among this particular product range is First Duo which contains a number of herbal active ingredients such as parsley, sunflower and extract of green tea aimed at providing clean and fresh breath. The firm is also active within the beverages sector, with its leading brands here including Bournvita a cocoa-based drink that can be mixed with water and/or milk which is particularly popular in India and Nigeria Cadbury Bournville Cocoa and Cadbury Drinking Chocolate. Cadburys Halls brand has a major stake within the functional and health foods sector. The range of mentholated products which includes Halls Defense, Fruit Breezers and Maxair provide nose and throat relief for those suffering from colds, coughs and other ailments and has a 22 per cent share of the medicated confectionery market. It also accounts for more than half of all cough drop products sold throughout the world and has licensed medicated status in northern hemisphere countries including Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. In other parts of the world particularly in hot, dry countries Halls products tend to be purchased for the purposes of mouth refreshment. The confectionary market was booming as many multinational firms were entering. Till the mid 80s, chocolate market was small and almost dominated by Cadbury only. It made chocolate for a distinct category with an identity of its own. So chocolates carried a only for kids tag ad and kept the adults away. Cadbury had 80% of the market share by mid 80s. Other categories like Amul and Campco tried to break into the market and reduce Cadburys market share, but failed. By now chocolate were categorized as luxury and were reserved for special occasions and for rewarding and reinforcing the positive behavior. Later on Cadbury also dominated the market because it not only focused on children, but on adults also. While its competitors thought and made chocolates only for children, due to which Cadbury had an upper hand in the chocolate market. Trends in the Industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Changes are rapidly taking place these days, so everyone (including the young and the elderly) will change according to the new lifestyle and will adapt to chocolate eating. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Population and family incomes as well as urbanization are increasing in the industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Approximately 6 million people have upgraded to the middle class. On February 2, 2010, Cadbury became part of Kraft Foods as both of them merged. Some fast facts on the combined company of Cadbury and Kraft are: Our Global Reach  · Approximately $50 billion in revenues  · 25%+ of global revenue from emerging markets  · #1 in global confectionery  · #1 in global biscuits  · More than 50% of global revenue from snacks and confectionery Our Brand Portfolio  · 11 brands with more than $1 billion in revenue  · 70+ brands with more than $100 million in revenue  · 40+ brands over 100 years old  · 80% revenue from #1 share positions Explanation Cadbury is considered in the market structure of Monopolistic Competition. All the firms in the industry face a lot of competition from each other and Hersheys and Nestle are some of the major competitors of Hersheys, to name a few. There is no collusion between such firms and so each firm determines its own pricing policy without considering the possible reactions of rival firms. They all are producing products with slightly different physical characteristics, offer varying degrees of customer service, providing various amounts of locational convenience or proclaim special qualities, real or imagined, for their products. Product differentiation may also be created through the use of brand names and trademarks, packaging, and celebrity connections, for example, Cadbury included Amitabh Bachan in their advertisements. It shows that the demand for Cadbury products is highly elastic. Entry and exit of firms in monopolistic competition is relatively easy as economies of scale are few and capital requirements are low and nothing prevents an unprofitable monopolistic competitor from holding a going-out-of-business sale and shutting down. The expense and effort of the firms would be wasted if the consumers do not know about the product, so the firms often advertise heavily and the goal of product differentiation and advertising is nonprice competition, which is to make price less of a factor and make product differences a greater factor. If it becomes successful, the demand curve of the firm shifts towards the right and becomes less elastic. ADVERTISING SALES PROMOTION Advertising and Sales promotion are very essential for a business to prosper and to generate revenue. As Cadbury has many substitutes as well like Hersheys and Nestle etc., so it is in a stage of great competition. It needs to focus a lot on advertising to capture the market share because all of the firms in the industry are selling differentiated products, due to which they are heavily focusing on advertising. Slogans of advertising are the tools of sales promotion are very important as they persuade the customer to purchase the product. Following are a few advertising slogans used by Cadbury for introducing the product to the customers:- THE REAL TASTE OF LIFE (DAIRY MILK ) THODI SI PET POOJA KABHI BHI KAHI BHI (PERK) WHEN EVER ON HUNGER STRIKE (PERK) TAN KI SHAKTI, MAN KI SHAKTI (BOURNVITA) KUCH ZADA HI SOLID (PICNIC) YEH CHOCOLATE KHAE AAP INHE KHAE (ECLAIRS) Along with great advertisements, these slogans are beautifully used by Cadbury so they can persuade the consumer to buy the product. PRICING POLICIES ADOPTED BY CADBURY Although there is intense competition among different chocolate firms for market share and new products, it has been seen that the prices of chocolates has risen since the last one year. Prices of important brands like Nestles Kitkat and Cadburys Dairy Milk have rose by 25 per cent each and prices of brands like Cadburys Eclairs have also rose. Cocoa is one of the most important inputs of Cadburys chocolate and accounts for 45% of the total cost of chocolate production. Since its domestic production (estimated at 4500 to 5000 tonnes for the current year) is not increasing in India, so they have to import it at a higher price. More than half of the cocoa used in production is being imported. This is one of the major reasons why a rise in prices of Cadburys chocolate can be seen. Along with it, the Indian rupee is also depreciating, so it makes the company worse off. Another reason is that internationally the prices of cocoa has risen, so the production cost of firm increases which compels the firm to rise its prices. The excise duties have imposed a heavier charge on imports by increasing the tax paid on excise duties from 8% to 18%.Maximum retail prices have been introduced in the budget which adds to the cost of production. All these factors have risen the cost of production of the firm and it is unlikely that the prices will recede in the near future. FACTORS INFLUENCING PRICING OF CADBURY Internal Factors Corporate and marketing objectives of the firm. The image sought by the firm through pricing. The characteristics of the product. Price elasticity of demand of the product. The stage of the product on the product life cycle. Use pattern and turn around rate of the product. Cost of manufacturing and marketing. Extent of distinctiveness of the product and extent of production differentiation practiced by the firm. Other elements of the marketing mix of the firm and their interaction with pricing. Composition of the product line of the firm. External Factors Market characteristics. Buyers behavior in respect of the given product. Bargaining power of major customers. Competitors pricing policy. Government controls regulations on pricing. Other relevant legal aspects. Societal (or social) considerations. Understanding, if any reached with price cartels. Cadbury objective of pricing Profit maximization in the short-term. Profit optimization in the long-term. A minimum return (or target return) on investment. A minimum return on sales turnover. Targets sales volume. Target market share. Deeper penetration of the market. Entering new markets. Target profit on the entire product line irrespective of profit level in individual products. Keeping competition out, or keeping it under check. Fast turn around and early cash recovery. Stabilizing prices and margins in the market. Cadbury vs Kraft Confectionery Market Value Share by Region 2008 The Kraft/Cadbury strategic fit It is the end of 3 years turnaround plan and its redeveloped growth strategy is strongly based on selected primary categories, such as chocolate, biscuits and coffee. It has secured a leading position after the attainment of DANONEs biscuit and cereals division in the global market with 18.4% value share, the company seems to follow the same policies in order to gain a leading position in confectionery market. The joint value share of Kraft and Cadbury in the global confectionery market will be 14.9%, it captures the top position from current leader Mars (14.5%). Krafts further expansion in confectionery market is dependent on its current reforms strategies and its aim is to become a global powerhouse in snacks, confectionery and quick meals. It is expanding its activities in confectionery which will fully complement the Danone biscuits and cereal product operations. Even though Krafts market share is higher in all region except for the smallest Middle East, Africa and Australia is comparatively higher than Cadburys, in confectionery Cadbury has a noteworthy lead over Kraft, except for Eastern Europe where Kraft was one of the first multinational movers to enter the market. With this attainment Kraft will gain a strong value share and leading position in many major developing markets in Latin America, the Middle East and Africa and Asia-Pacific, such as India As well as wider geographical reach, Kraft will also benefit from Cadburys brands meeting its own chocolate and sugar confectionery portfolio as well. Attaining Cadbury Kraft will get leading position in global confectionery and it helps it expand it geographical coverage in meeting regions. However, even confectionery is expected to perform below overall packaged food growth over the 2009-2014 period, with a 1.5% CAGR compared to a 1.7% CAGR, respectively. Asia Pacific and Latin America are most relevant set, gains of Kraft. As their confectionery market of 2009 and 2014 are expected to post CAGR of 2.3% and 2.6% respectively DANONEs biscuits and Cadbury are Krafts latest acquisitions and are revealing the companys strategic direction of establishing strong growth platforms in categories in which it can benefit from complementary operations and significant economies of scale. Revenue Performance by Category Throughout the year there was a good demand for chocolates and bagged candies the expected beneficiary of stay at home culture. At the same time, regardless to a softer start to the year, the more functional or activity related product, like medicated gums and candies delivered a positive growth from the end of second quarter. Chocolate (46% of revenue in 2009) delivered revenue growth of 7%, reflecting strong performances in the UK, India and South Africa. India and South Africa benefited from continued investment behind affordable products, supporting chocolate growth in emerging markets of 11%. Australia delivered progressively good growth, benefiting from the relaunch of the core Cadbury Dairy Milk (CDM) brand in the second quarter of the year. Similarly, our business in Poland benefited from the relaunch of Wedel in the second half, leveraging the experience of the UK relaunch of CDM in 2008. Gum (33%) revenue growth improved strongly in the second half (up 5%) more than compensating for the weak first quarter. As a result, Gum was up 2% for the year as a whole. Despite weak market conditions overall, our businesses improved market share in nearly all key markets, including the US where the launch of Trident Layers in the second half re-established strong growth momentum in the category. Candy (21%) revenues grew 5% for the year as a whole reflecting strong second half growth of 9% with significantly improved performances from Halls, Éclairs and other mainstream candy brands. Halls benefited from product innovation and a good start to the cold and flu season. Innovation drove strong growth in other focus brands, including Éclairs (up 29%) and The Natural Confectionery Co (up 24%). Revenue Performance by Market Our performance by market reflected some local market share performances, even though weak economic conditions in many developed markets, in addition to the different mix between chocolate, gum and candy. Generally, based on the markets for which we have recent share data available, that represent 90% of our revenue, market share, progress has been very good. Cadbury has generated over 70% of our revenue. In emerging markets (38% of revenue in 2009), revenue growth was again very strong for the year as a whole, up 9% (up 7% in the first half and up 10% in the second half), led by strong performances in India, the Middle East and Africa and South America. While trading in European emerging markets was challenging, Russia and Turkey improved toward the end of the period, and both countries delivered growth for the year. In developed markets (62%), revenue grew 2% with an improved second half (up 3%) offsetting the slow start to the year. The impact of weak market conditions in developed Europe was mitigated by strong growth in the UK and significantly improved performance in the US and Canada. V I S I O N The governing objective for Cadbury is to deliver: Superior Shareholder Value Cadbury in every pocket The company believes this requires: Broadening our consumer appeal and extending their reach to newer markets Sustained growth of their market share through aggressive product development Striving for international quality in their products and processes Focusing on cost competitiveness and productivity in their operations and innovative utilisation of their assets Investing to develop people. Developing a product which would gain a permanent place in the companys product portfolio is not an easy task. It take minimum 58 new product ideas in order to come up with on successful new product and some researchers estimate to a 100 ideas. Majority of the ideas fail even before they are made to the consumers, a rest major portion fails during the marketing test process and do not make it to national distribution. With the enormous investments needed to fund such projects it becomes essential that the entire project is carefully researched. Successful new product development is mainly team work research and development, marketing and sales, market research, production, engineering and finance. At Cadbury, the marketing role is fulfilled by the Product/Brand Manager , function is to coordinate and mastermind the project through from the initial brief to national launch, until the largest sales capacity has been achieved. The initial incentive for embarking on a New Product Develop ment project can be: Changes in consumer lifestyles Technology developments where new processing techniques have been devised The need for market extension abroad, particularly into Asia Pacific, and the demise of trade barriers. However, products cannot be simply transferred from one market to another without review and possible adaptation to suit differing expectations and cultures. Whether the product strategy is: Existing product improvement New product development within the current range of activity Production diversification. Situational factors when designing market planning and analysis of environment is serious as it would allow Dairy Milk to capitalize on organizational strengths, minimize any weaknesses, exploit market opportunities and avoid any threats. Strengths Cadbury would realize several possible advantages in going abroad. By penetrating a foreign market the company could: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain a stable growth of a company by maximizing the use of its production capacity and thus increase economies of scale and scope. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ With its brand name, Cadbury could counterattack the competitors it faces in the domestic market by attacking their domestic market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Keep up with the financial strength by increasing its sales and profit, indeed the foreign market could present higher profit opportunities than the domestic products. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Acquisition rules in UK reduce its dependence on the UK market and therefore diversify its market specific risks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Overall, Cadbury has been successful through the new products (development) it has to offer. Weaknesses Overall, Cadbury has a weak position in the US market; therefore, need to change its target to a different location. It lacks of distribution network, it also has a small total of market share altogether. Therefore in order to market the product in France successfully, Cadbury has to find out how it should improve, in order to have great performance. It should also find out, what are the situations they can avoid in order to be successful. In order to market products the following issues should be considered: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Total French production of chocolate bars and confectionary, which has increased by 24.5 % between 1988 and 1991, has slowed down in more recent years, partly due to the economic fall. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intake of chocolate products, which has been growing since 1991, remained properly still in 1992, causing a fall in demand due to the gloomy economic situation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sales of milk chocolate bars, which account for 24% by volume of total sales of chocolate bars, came down by 3.7 %. Opportunities Through its confectionary product line, least to mention is to build feasible positions in focused markets through biological growth and acquirement. Besides what is mention above, Cadbury has opportunities to have developed market in Russia and China. The Timeout Candy Bar market is growing worldwide. This company is also at the same time distributing its products through the internet Develop Gourmet Line. Besides developing the Low Calorie variety of chocolates and sweets, they also offer the Sugar Free sweets variety. This has therefore completely opened a Cadbury world in US. In order to get the product into a new foreign market, France, Cadbury would have good opportunities in store for them. Opportunities are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In terms of political issues, France has advanced parliamentary democracy and is highly stable politically. The political power is nationalized in the parliament, the Prime Minister and the President. The country specific risk is insignificant. France is a member of the European Community and has excellent relations with the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economically, France has the fourth largest GDP in the world. It has an advanced market based economy. Despite a recent recession, its economy is very strong and also highly relaxed in line with European Union policies. France represents a very large potential market with a high standard of living and purchasing power. The economy is highly open internationally and conducts a high percentage of trade within its European partners. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ With regards to its social situation, France has a broadly central/southern European culture which has many similarities with the UK. However cultural differences do exist and these must be considered when planning for the market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ France has a high technological level and a lot of industries are based in the technological sector. This technological base constitutes one of Frances competitive advantages. Threats Due to its confectionary products, it is very important for Cadbury threat that is present or eminent. The company should take note of the changes in the consumers buying trend. It is perceived that consumers might shift from chocolates to Healthy snacks. If this were to happen, there might be a poor product development which would stain the Cadburys name. Useless to talk about price wars would occur between its competitors like Mars, Hershey and Nestle. Due to the abovementioned, there would be seasonal sales slumps all year round which will reflect to an increase in cost of the raw materials needed. Cadbury would then have to be prepared for growth of small local gourmet chocolates and regional candy manufacturers. However if Cadbury were to market its products in France, the company has to be aware of the risks it could meet. It might: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Not understand foreign customer preferences and fail to offer a competitively attractive product; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Not understand the foreign countrys business culture or know how to deal effectively with foreign nationals; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Underestimate foreign regulations and incur unexpected costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Threat of entry due to the competition growing through acquisition. Although the company has come up with a few current products, it is targeting to a new market. Despite the competition against the rest (Hersheys, MM Mars and Nestle), Cadbury needs to have a bargaining power of the buyers in order to be competitive in the market. The company even needs to know that substitutes are not a major concern. Finally, to conclude that Cadbury is in the Market Development, they would have to have the bargaining power of suppliers as they are not in power position due to commodity like nature. And also to be aware of the cost of packaging materials as it has increased over time. There are a few strategic recommendations that Cadbury could come up with in order to market its products not only in the region of France, but also to market it products successfully. After much discussion on the position of the product Urban Poverty in Canada: Political Analysis Urban Poverty in Canada: Political Analysis Submitted to: Professor. Nugent Submitted by: Nadia Haidar Introduction Urban poverty in Canada has become one of the major factors that require consideration in a political perspective to arrive at a solution. This problem took its foothold in the country between the year 1990 and 2000. According to a report by the urban poverty project, in the year 2012 about half of Canada’s population an amount totaling to 15.3 million people lived in just four of the urban areas among them Toronto. This makes the country of Canada one of the most urbanized countries with a population of 25 million people living in the urban areas. Among these people about one of every six people lived in Poverty. In the year 2000, about 3.3 million people who are poor Canadians had their residence in the Census Metropolitan areas. As the population of the people in the Metropolitan area grow, the rate of poor urban dwellers increases at a faster rate. Among the major city of Canada, the City of Toronto has the largest number of low earning people with a population of about 77 1530 and has a poverty rate of about 16.2%. (Katherine, 2007) Abstract With the upcoming elections of the Ontario provincial election, a city election, and a federal election, this paper tries to focus on the election in terms of the impact it would have on the geographical urban poverty. It also focuses on the platforms and candidates take on the various ideologies that they advocate for in their campaign in relation to the urban poverty. The paper also focuses on the debates and the effect of quality on the people as per the decision they make in voting for the leaders. One of the parties in with fighting for the poor urban people is the Communist party. The party which in the provincial elections due to happen on June the 12th, is running 11 Candidates has on its website encouraged people to vote for the program in which the working class were fighting for. According to the 1990 to 2000 report, about 45% of people living in the urban area contribute to the GDP of Canada. Yet among these people, the poor have quite a good percentage. According to one of their candidates Elizabeth Rowley she promises to put the needs of the people first before cooperate greed. The party intends to achieve this by offering good jobs to its people, affordable renting and housing controls among others. (Rowley, 2014 ) In the communist party campaign they are pointing out clear that, there is a gap between the rich and the poor, pointing out that the poverty level is on the rise and unemployment is quite as high as well. As the provincial leader of the communist party Ro wley points out that what they fear most is not the liberal party that has failed the people of Ontario, but the conservative party led by Tim Hudak. The conservative party is laying the facts clear that if elected they will lay down about 10000 people working in the public sector. According to the communist, this attempt would demolish the public sector. In attempt to slash the wages arguably, the conservative party would be contributing to the rise in the poverty level, greatly affecting the urban poverty negatively making it grow rather than decrease. Contrary to what the communist party is offering, with the likes of a quality public service with better health care and hospitals being one of their promises to the people. According to the NDP, they have an economic plan, which involves a raise in the minimum wage rate to $12 per hour and later tying it to the inflation. This move of increasing the current paltry by a dollar per hour as it is currently at $11 per hour will help the poor in the province to make more money to live off well. (Stockton, 2014) This comes from the leader of the NDP Andrea Horwath. Asking the employers to pay more however, would result to the workers losing their jobs. The Capitalists aim of cutting off operation costs and raising the price of the goods, acting in the disfavor of the poor. According to the campaign of the NDP party, their argument is that increasing the minimum wage gives the poor people a chance to have a hold of the money, which they spend, putting it in the circular flow of the economy thus experiencing growth. To dispute this however, looking at a place where it has been in application, in the United States of America, a study after comparing the geograph ical contiguous regions whose minimum wage was different found that a high minimum wage rate related to the unemployment rate in the region. (Debra Burke) Looking at the facts on the ground it is also important to identify the people who are working below the minimum age, only 4.6 % of the people of Ontario that works below the minimum wage rate. While this seems like quite a good idea, the minimum wage rate raise may not be the solution to most of the problems. The liberal party of Canada policy resolutions: Most of Toronto seems to ignore the local politics, with the current mayor Rob Ford still running for office. There are a number of other candidates among them Ashok Sajnani, Morgan Baskin, a dentists and a student who are considered as long shots for the job. Arguably, they should start the city hall politics serving as a councillor but not in their opinion. The Conservative’s party candidate however John Tory deemed as one of the most likely candidate to topple Rob Fords leadership idea as per his fiscal strategies include lowering taxes especially property taxes which to some extent is in the favor of the poor. (Powell, 2014) The debates of the parties in the Ontario representatives seem to carry weight on the people of Ontario based on their influence. The big parties do have a great say in the debates and the emphasis is majorly in them. The parties presented in the debates mostly are; the Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative Party, and New Democratic party their leaders are Kathleen Wynne, Tim Hudak. The other parties, such as the communist party of Canada do not seem to get an equal platform with these two. The quality of the debates may be quite good since they are a great determinant of the polls; the politicians try their best to lay it out for the people the actions they are going to take once in their government. In a recent call from the doctors, they asked the four on the province political parties to engage in a debate involving health care. (CBC News, 2014) The poor people being among the great number of the 700000 Ontarians who do not have the primary access to such care needs clarifi cation. The Liberal leader take on this through their leader Kathleen Wynne promised of primary access to a health care provider by the year 2018. According to Kathleen, this would cost less than $20 million. In the opinion of the Progressive Conservative party through their leader Tim Hudak, he suggested demolishing the existing health service and focusing on the employees like nurses as the frontline. The New Democratic Party leader Andrea Howarth plans to reduce the time by half that ER wait times take. Adding another 250 nurse practitioners in the emergency rooms was a further suggestion as well as 50 new family clinics working on a 24-hour system. Despite this suggestion, the request to have a formal debate that involves the four leaders would help the citizens make an informed decision. The health care anticipated debate is a good example of showing the quality of the debates since they greatly affect the decision of the voter. In a study that was carried out by Ipsos, show th at the majority of the Ontarians whom were undecided about the leader they were going to support were going to make their decision based on the June 3rd debate. Thirty eight percent of the people make their decision on whom to vote for on the day after the debate. Thirteen percent of them wait until the last debate while fourteen percent will wait until the last week of the campaign, and eleven percent of the people make the decision on the day of the election. However, this is significant to the quality of the debate and how convincing they can be, the study also shows that sixty two percent of the Ontarians make the decision long before the elections begin with forty one percent of them not changing their decision throughout the campaign. Twenty-one percent of the Ontarians however might change their mind. (Ipsos, 2014) An issue reported with the debates is about the inaccessibility to the debate by candidates of the provincial election of Ontario. On May, 29th 2014, a debate was held in Cambridge Ontario and was inaccessible to the people with disability. The event organizers did not put into consideration that the disabled people too would want to attend the all candidates’ debate. In this event, the local advocator of the people with disabilities Lyn McGinnis was not able to access the all candidate debate. Having an accessible venue is important to have a barrier free debate that all willing to attend can do so. Conclusion Conclusively, the results of the election will greatly determine the state of the urban poverty since the policy that the party that will win by a majority will determine the future of the people. Different people hold different opinions in the parties’ and have a strategy to make their condition better. The liberal party may, to majority of these people, see that they have been failed by the party since in their rule, unemployment has not been solved, greater disparity of the poor and the rich, and the greedy capitalists have not made it better for the people. The political debates are of great significance to the election of the country. The quality of these debates is therefore required to be high to influence the voters to make their decision based on the policy that the different provincial parties make. Many families, including my own, have suffered through poverty decade after decade. It is up to us citizens to make this vote count, vote for the right party, and help end this vicious cycle of poverty so many Ontarians continue to suffer through. WORD COUNT: 1990 References CBC News. (2014, May 30). Ontario election 2014 :Doctors Want Parties to Debate . Debra Burke, S. M. (n.d.). Minimum Wage and Unemployment Rates :A study of Contiguous Counties . Ipsos. (2014, June 2). Whats Riding on the Ontario Election Leaders Debate. Retrieved from Ipsos News and Polls: www.ipsos-na.com Katherine, F. G. (2007). A Lost Decade: Urban Poverty in Canada 1990 to 2000. Ottawa: Canadian Council on Social Development. Powell, B. (2014, March 15). Toronto Mayoral election Profile: John Tory. Toronto Stars. Rowley, E. (2014 , May 19) Communist Party of Canada. Retrieved from www.communistpartycanada.ca Stockton, M. W. (2014, May 24).Minimum Wage in the Ontario Election and Canada. The True North Times.